REGULATION OF KETOGENESIS

REGULATION OF KETOGENESIS

• Ketogenesis is regulated by epinephrine, glucagon, and insulin.

* Overproduction of ketone body occurs primarily when carbohydrates (glucose) are not available as a fuel in tissues.

• As a result excess breakdown of triacylglycerol (lipolysis) occurs in adipose tissue with mobilization of Fatty acid in the blood.

• Epinephrine and glucagon stimulates hormone-sensitive lipase in adipose tissue for lipolysis and insulin Inhibits.

• In a condition of unavailability of carbohydrate, insulin level falls, and epinephrine and glucagon take the upper hand with stimulation of hormone-sensitive lipase for lipolysis.

 • Excess fatty acid in blood causes increase oxidation with excess production of acetyl CoA.

 • This over-production of acetyl CoA can not be handled by the TCA cycle due to the deficiency of oxaloacetate (most of the oxaloacetate comes from glucose).

• As a result, acetyl CoA accumulates, which is diverted to generate ketone bodies.